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Split Rock Mountain

A hoof abscess is one of the most common causes of sudden, severe lameness in horses and donkeys. An abscess is an infection, often between the hard, outer hoof wall and the sensitive inner laminae. The abscess develops into a pocket of purulent material made up of bacteria and pus. While the amount of pus may be quite small, the pressure that builds up inside the hoof capsule is extremely painful, so much so that the animal may be reluctant to bear any weight at all on the affected leg. Unknowing observers frequently assume the leg is broken, the lameness can be so extreme.

Hoof abscesses are more common in wet conditions as the moisture increases the expansion and contraction of the softened hoof. Cracks may open and close, allowing the entry and containment of mud and bacteria.

Diagnosis is initially based on the history and severity of the lameness. Applying pressure to the sole of the affected hoof and assessing the animal’s pain response can often pin-point the location of the abscess. A hoof knife can then be used to investigate for pockets of pus. A small section of the sole is pared away with the knife to allow drainage and release of pressure. This often results in a dramatic and immediate reduction in lameness, with no further treatment required.

Occasionally the abscess cannot be located, as was the case with Tina. In this case, the hoof may be wrapped in a poultice for around 24-48 hours. This will often soften the hoof and draw out the infection. Sometimes, the infection may track upwards inside the hoof and break out at the coronet above the hoof.

Pain relief, such as phenylbutazone (bute) is given to reduce inflammation and pain. 

As is always the case, early intervention will ensure successful treatment and the prevention of serious complications.