Premier Horse Agistment

Split Rock Mountain

Tetanus is a frequently fatal disease resulting from infection with the bacterium, Clostridium tetani. Spores of this organism are found widely in the environment, where they can survive for long periods of time, for example in soil and in manure. 

Spores enter the body through wounds.

Common sites of infection are the soles of the horse’s hooves, although even a minor cut from a sharp stick can allow the spores to enter. Once inside the damaged tissue, the spores break open and the bacteria begin to multiply rapidly. Clostridium tetani does not require oxygen – it is anaerobic – and hence small, closed, puncture wounds pose the major risk. The most dangerous wound in terms of tetanus is the wound you do not see.

Tetanus attacks the horse’s central nervous system. The bacteria produce a powerful nerve toxin, which causes many muscles to spasm uncontrollably. Affected horses show progressive muscle stiffness, resulting in difficulty moving and eating. A characteristic sign of tetanus is the third eyelid going into spasm and protruding across the eye. Gradually more muscles spasm, convulsions occur and respiratory failure develops. 

About 80% of horses affected by tetanus will die, despite the best veterinary treatment. 

However a safe and effective vaccine is available to protect horses from tetanus. Administered annually, current cost is approximately 70 cents per week. All horses at Split Rock Mountain are routinely vaccinated by a veterinarian against tetanus.